Abies phanerolepis (Bracted Balsam, Greek Fir)

Abies phanerolepis (Bracted Balsam, Greek Fir) is a hybrid of the Fraser and balsam firs and is renowned for its short needles. The branches are strong and can support a variety of decorations. It is native to the mountainous regions of Greece, particularly the Pindus Mountains and the island of Crete. 

The Greek Fir is a medium to large-sized tree that can reach heights of up to 30 meters (98 feet) at maturity. It has a conical shape with horizontal branches that spread out from the trunk. The tree's bark is grayish-brown and becomes fissured and rough as it ages. 

The foliage of the Greek Fir is characterized by short, dark green needles that grow densely on the branches. The needles measure about 1 to 2 centimeters in length and have a glossy appearance. One distinctive feature of this tree is the presence of bracts, which are small, leaf-like structures that grow around the base of the cones. These bracts are typically green and add visual interest to the tree. 

During spring, the Greek Fir produces small, cylindrical cones that grow upright on the branches. The cones start out green and eventually turn brown as they mature. They contain seeds that are dispersed by wind or animals, contributing to the tree's reproduction.

The Greek Fir is adapted to thrive in mountainous and subalpine environments. It prefers well-drained soils and can tolerate a range of soil types, including limestone. It requires a well-drained soil and prefers full sun to partial shade to thrive. It is also known for its ability to withstand harsh winter conditions and cold temperatures.

In its native habitat, the Greek Fir has ecological significance. It provides shelter and food for various bird species, mammals, and insects. The tree is also valued for its role in maintaining soil stability in mountainous areas.