Rhododendron arboreum (Tree Rhododendron, Burans, Gurans)

Rhododendron arboreum (Tree Rhododendron) is an evergreen shrub or small tree. It is characterized by large, leathery, elliptical leaves with a glossy dark green surface. This rhododendron species typically reaches heights of 10 to 20 meters (33 to 66 feet).

In spring, it produces spectacular clusters of showy, trumpet-shaped flowers at the branch tips. These blooms vary in color, including shades of red, pink, or white. Tree Rhododendron is native to the Himalayas and Southeast Asia, thriving in acidic soils and cool, high-altitude climates.

Form: Can grow into a large shrub or a small tree, with heights reaching up to 66 feet (20 meters) in ideal conditions, though more commonly 39 feet (12 meters) tall and wide.

Holds the Guinness World Record for the largest rhododendron, a behemoth reaching 46 feet (14 meters) tall and 51 feet (15.5 meters) wide.
Branches are sturdy and spreading, creating a rounded crown.

Foliage: Evergreen leaves, meaning they stay green year-round.
Elliptical in shape, typically 7-19 cm (3-7.5 inches) long, with smooth edges and a pointed tip. Leathery and glossy, with a dark green upper surface and a rusty-colored or brown hairy underside.

Flowers: Showstopping clusters of 15-20 bell-shaped blooms appear in early and mid-spring. Each flower can be up to 2 inches (5 cm) wide and long, with vibrant colors ranging from fiery red to delicate pink and even white. The bell shape opens to reveal five petals, often speckled with dark spots and black nectar pouches, attractive to pollinators.

Habitat and Distribution: Native to the Himalayan region and parts of Southeast Asia, found in countries like Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and Thailand. Thrives in well-drained, moist, and acidic soil conditions, often found in temperate mountainous forests.

Cultural Significance: National flower of Nepal, symbolizing spring and beauty.
State tree of Uttarakhand and state flower of Himachal Pradesh and Nagaland in India.

Traditionally used in various remedies and religious ceremonies in its native regions.
Overall, the Rhododendron arboreum is a stunning and adaptable plant. Its breathtaking floral displays, evergreen foliage, and cultural significance make it a desirable addition to any garden or landscape, especially in acidic and cool climates.