Fagus orientalis (Oriental Beech)

Fagus orientalis (Oriental Beech) is a deciduous tree native to the eastern Mediterranean region and parts of Iran. It is a member of the Fagaceae family and is closely related to the more widely known European Beech (Fagus sylvatica). Oriental Beech is appreciated for its majestic stature, attractive foliage, and ornamental value.

Size and Appearance: Oriental Beech is a large tree that can reach heights of 20-30 meters (65-98 feet) or more. It has a broad, spreading crown with a rounded or oval shape. The trunk is usually straight and has smooth gray bark that becomes fissured with age.

Leaves: The leaves of Fagus orientalis are alternate and simple, with an elliptical or ovate shape. They have a smooth texture and glossy dark green color. In autumn, the foliage turns shades of yellow, orange, or bronze, creating a vibrant display of fall colors.

Flowers and Fruits: Oriental Beech produces inconspicuous flowers that are arranged in small clusters called catkins. The flowers are not particularly showy and are wind-pollinated. The female flowers develop into triangular nuts or beech mast, enclosed in prickly husks. These nuts are an important food source for wildlife.

Wood: The wood of Oriental Beech is known for its strength and durability. It has a fine texture and is used for various purposes, including furniture, cabinetry, flooring, and veneer.

Oriental Beech is typically grown as an ornamental tree in parks, large gardens, and arboretums. Its majestic form and attractive foliage make it a focal point in landscapes. It is also valued for its shade-giving capabilities.

In terms of cultivation, Fagus orientalis prefers well-drained soil and thrives in full sun to partial shade. It is generally tolerant of different soil types but prefers slightly acidic to neutral soil conditions. It can withstand colder climates and is considered hardy.